Understanding Post-Concussion Syndrome: Symptoms, Risk and Recovery
PCS otherwise known as post-concussion syndrome or persistent concussion symptoms —can be a trigger word following a concussion. In this blog, we will discuss what PCS means, who may be at greater risk for PCS, and what to do to reduce your risk.
What is the definition of PCS?
In the medical world, we still use Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) because it can be used as a diagnosis code for insurance. However, I hate using this phrase because it makes it sound like something you will deal with forever, which is typically not the case.
According to the Mayo Clinic: “Persistent post-concussive symptoms — also called post-concussion syndrome — occurs when symptoms of a mild traumatic brain injury last longer than expected after an injury.” —let’s go Mayo Clinic for using my preferred terminology!
So what does “longer” mean? Most research supports that when someone has concussion symptoms longer than 30 days they fall into the PCS category.
Who is at greater risk for PCS following a concussion?
Research has shown there are some pre-existing factors and diagnoses, mechanisms of injury as well as immediate pronounced symptoms that can place people at greater risk for PCS. These include:
Pre-existing factors
Mood disorders (anxiety and depression)
ADHD/learning disability
Previous concussion(s)
History of migraines
Mechanism of Injury
Motor vehicle accidents
Trauma (abuse, fight, etc.)
Immediate Concussion Symptoms
Loss of consciousness
Pronounced immediate symptoms (vomiting, headaches, etc.)
Amnesia (before and/or after accident)
What do I do if I am at greater risk for PCS?
Seek out care sooner
If you fall into any of the above categories, it may be beneficial for you to seek out a concussion specialist sooner rather than later. There is research to support seeking out care in the first 28 days reduces the risk of PCS.
Early exercise
Beginning to exercise early on (within two days of concussion), has been supported in being beneficial in reducing the risk of PCS.
A study completed by the NCAA accessed collegiate athlete recovery following concussion and found that those who started to lightly exercise (walking, light jogging) in the first two days compared to those who started after eight days, had a 92% faster symptom recovery and recovered 3.2 days overall faster.
Return to your normal routine, while listening to your body
A huge part of recovering from a concussion is listening to your body and its needs. Push yourself to participate in daily activities again such as socializing, going to work, and being on your phone or computer but don’t overdo it. Listen to your body when it tells you to stop. If you need help with this, reach out and I can figure out how this may look in your life.
Conclusion
Most people (>70%) recover from a concussion in the normal time frame and do not require extra guidance or therapies. However, if you have any of the above past medical history or mechanism of injury, it may be beneficial for you to seek care earlier to prevent persistent concussion symptoms. If you feel like you already have those longer-term symptoms, schedule a free consultation today and we can discuss some options of treatment for you.
Happy Healing!
Dr. Kira, PT, DPT
Concussion Specialist
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Risk Modifiers for Recovery and Prolonged Recovery
Early Exercise and Concussions in College Athletes
The content on this site is for informational or educational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice or consultations with healthcare professionals.